The Perception Of The Australian Criminal Justice System...

The perception of the Australian criminal justice system’s legitimacy is determined by the actions of three institutions, and the manner in which they address issues of justice within society. For the criminal justice system to be seen with integrity and valued for its role, it is vital that all members of the community see the appropriate rectification of injustices through the police, courts and corrections. However, particular groups within society encounter the illegitimacy and social inequity embedded within these institutions, diminishing the effectiveness to which they fulfill their role. For women in particular, the institutions of the criminal justice system are notably unethical in their treatment of both victims and perpetrators of crime. Despite many reforms and recommendations for change, the criminal justice system ultimately fails in achieving justice for women, with the courts demonstrating the most significant attempt to eliminate social inequality and victimi sation. The attitudes and beliefs of the police effectively weaken their ability to act as an agent of justice, evident in the manner that they victim blame women. Before women even contact the police in relation to a crime, they are instantly a victim of police ignorance and biased naivety. In response to the murder of Masa Vukotic a senior police officer stated that women should not be alone in parks, recommending this as a preventative measure against any violent or sexual attacks (Ration 2015,Show MoreRelatedThe Australian Criminal Justice System Is Shaped Largely by Our Society. Discuss This Statement.1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe criminal justice system is the system the Australian public look to for protection and justice against those that disregard the law but there are mixed opinions from the general public that the justice system is too lenient and that the public opinion isn’t taken into consideration when assessing crime and punishment. In this essay, I will argue that t he Australian criminal justice system is in fact shaped largely by our society because if it doesn’t reflect social conscience, the justice systemRead MoreCriminology And Sociology : Criminology1296 Words   |  6 Pagesfind its underlying causes. To do this criminology primarily aims to achieve answers as to why crime occurs; who is committing said crimes and how society as a whole will respond to crime with regards to policy changes and its place in the media (Australian Institute of Criminology: 2015). Sociology is the scientific study of human social interactions in a societal context (Calhoun, 2002). As sociologists study anything human related they can examine anything from the smallest interactions betweenRead More Profiling and Police/Community Relations Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesprofiling of police officers, as completed by early intervention systems, in an effort to reduce complaints from members of the community. The literature on the attitudes which community members have about profiling states that race, personal experience, and media framing influence the public’s perception (Graziano, Schuck, Martin, 2010; Weitzer Tuch, 2002). The literature on early intervention systems is demonstrative of how such systems can become critical management tools, tailor-made for addressingRead MoreAnylizing Concepts of Justice in to Kill a Mockingbird1660 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyzing the Concept of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird Through the study this term of the central text, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, and related texts, films Rabbit Proof Fence by Phillip Noyce and In the Name of the Father by Jim Sheridan, my understanding of the concept of justice, or what constitutes justice, has altered considerably. We all think we know what justice is, or what it should be. In Australian colloquial terms, it is the principle of a â€Å"fair go† for everyone. In a perfectRead MoreEssay about Fear of Crime1945 Words   |  8 Pagesrisk of becoming victims of crime. Firstly, research shows that fear of crime is wide spread and that certain age groups are more fearful of becoming victims than others. Secondly, that the Media’s portrayal of crimes contributes to society’s perceptions of safety and crime itself, increasing fear of crime in these age groups. Thirdly, that the Elderly fears of crime and perceived risk of victimisation is also contributed to by social and physiological factor s, such as vulnerability that leadsRead MoreCrime Data And Its Effects On Victims And The Public Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesIn the opinion piece by South Australian Police Commissioner Gary Burns (Burns, 2013) provides the reader a somewhat brief insight and view of crime reporting within South Australia and the perceptions of crime within the state. Commissioner Burns provides the reader with his personal view of his frustrations and concerns which are: †¢ the public’s perception in regards to crime statistics within South Australia through media and social media; †¢ his frustrations at the lack of reporting of crimeRead MoreCrime Data And Its Effects On Victims And The Public Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In the opinion piece by the South Australian Police Commissioner Gary Burns (Burns, 2013) it provides the reader a somewhat brief insight and view of crime reporting within South Australia and the perceptions of crime within the state. He provides the reader with his personal view and concerns which are: †¢ The public’s perception in regards to crime statistics within South Australia through media and social media; and †¢ His frustrations at the lack of reporting of crime and the reluctanceRead MoreLiterature Review1664 Words   |  7 Pagesalcohol can lead to. Also, this literature review, has identified gaps within the academic sources. The gaps that all the sources have in common would be, the use of education and intervention for the individuals on alcohol related problems to control criminal behaviours before it is too late and also, the lack of numeric statistics and evidences supporting the academic sources. Benefits of the Literature Review By analysing the academic sources, it can assist in gaining proper knowledge of the effectsRead MoreCrime Prevention and Volatile Social Issues Essay3051 Words   |  13 Pagesattention as a viable source of crime prevention substituting traditional criminal justice mechanics. In fact, a significant fragment of criminological literature is receding from a dependence on criminal justice mechanisms to an acceptance of crime preventative policy implementation. Irrespective of this academic progression, Western Governments have continued a persisted focus on reinforcing the criminal justice system. This paper investigates the effects of these social issues and their requisiteRead MoreClassical Criminology And Modern Criminology1412 Words   |  6 Pagesjewellery store, armed robbery, (ABC, 2017). Also, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the national offender rate is the highest for people aged between 15-19, in Victoria with 3,250 offenders per 100,000 persons (Aus tralian Bureau of Statistics, 2017). The rate for home invasions has also had an increase, from 2014-2015 the ‘victims of Unlawful entry with intent increased by 9% from 44,457 victims to 48,394’ (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2015). This data, signals a shift away from

Lev Vygotsky Free Essays

Down through the years psychologists and individuals involved in education have developed and investigated different theories about how children learn. To understand how children receive and use information is of great value to parents, teachers and indeed society in general as the children of today are tomorrow’s adults and our society will not develop if our children cannot learn effectively. In this essay I will discuss the theories of Lev Vygotsky as I believe his work has become the foundation for a lot of our modern day theories and concepts in regard to a child’s cognitive development. We will write a custom essay sample on Lev Vygotsky or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lev Vygotsky was born in Russia in 1896 during the Russian Revolution and his works only came to the attention of the western world when they were published in 1962. Vygotsky died quite young and a lot of his research was unfinished however his work was continued by his students and followers alike. Vygotskys theory of Socio-cultural or Social Development as it is also known was the building block for the concepts and stratagies now used in our pre-schools and schools today. Unlike Piaget who believed that development preceeds learning, Vygotsky believed that to develop, a child must learn first. He rightly believed that the most effective learning comes from a child’s social interaction in society and the cultural they are reared in. Social factors and culture contribute to a child’s cognitive development. Vygotsky believed that society gave a child various cultural tools which enabled learning, language being one of the most important. Language is the primary form of interaction and through language a child can communicate thoughts, emotions, opinions and ideas and develop friendships. A child’s level of language skills can and most likely will effect all other aspects of their development both personally and academically. Through my research I see that Vygotskys concept, the zone of proximal development, which is Vygotsky’s term for the range of tasks too difficult for children to master alone but which can be learned with the guidance and asistance of adults or more skilled chilren, is widely used today in learning institutions worldwide, its concept is used in most subjects and used very effectively with a broad spectrum of students, ranging from disadvantaged, special needs, and â€Å"gifted† students to adults. Within this concept Vygotsky talks about â€Å"Scaffolding† which basically means changing the level of support as the student becomes more capable in a task or subject. Another concept which is interlinked with the above is The More Knowledgeable Other (MKO). The MKO refers to anyone who has a better understanding or a greater ability than the student, in respect to a particular task or concept. The MKO is normally thought of as being a teacher, coach, or older adult, but the MKO could also be peers, a younger person, or even computers. As I read and study these concepts I can clearly see their incorporation into our education system today compared to when I was a child starting out in school forty years ago. Although systems where evolving gradually, there were very different opinions and methods in place regarding education. How to cite Lev Vygotsky, Papers

Health Legal and Government Programs

Question: Describe about theHealth Legal and Government Programs Answer: To: Betty Boss (Imperial Unlimited) From: XYZ Re: National Origin Discrimination Date: 18 May 2016 Dear Betty Boss, This is to bring to your attention that a patient in our organisation has lodged a complaint against the surgical specialist. According to the patient, the surgeon was discriminatory against her, as he refused to arrange an interpreter as the arrangement would be very expensive for their organization. The patient was an immigrant from Uzbekistan and requested a professional Uzbek language interpreter. However, her request was rejected on the ground that arrangement of such an interpreter would be very expensive. The patient had believed that such a refusal is not fair and illegal in nature, and this is an act of discrimination. An act of discrimination means an action from a person that makes the other person feel inferior on the ground of sex, race, creed or religion. There has been a large misconception about the racial discrimination of the American Health Care. There has been a belief that since the establishment of the Social Security Amendments Act of 1965, a lot has changed in the sector of racial discrimination in the hospitals. Many hospitals that use to practice racial discrimination have already abandoned it. The medical care was more of a cleanup process with unruly facilities (Day Schiele, 2012). Part VI of the Civil Rights Act had a pivotal role in establishing racial equality in a heath care setting (DiNitto Johnson, 2015). In the 20th century, racial discrimination was a common practice in a health care setting. It existed in many forms, one such form of racial discrimination was when there were separate hospitals for the black and white (DiNitto Johnson, 2015). The Afro-Americans were treated in the hospital of black and the original Americans were treated in the hospital of whites. The care setting at a black setting was of a poor quality and the essential resources were not met whereas, in the white setting, the patients were treated in a right way and they had access to proper amenities. The research was conducted in the United States as per which about 83 percent of the hospitals were suppose to have integrated patient admissions, however, only 6 percent of the population had integrated admissions. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 has been amended twice in the year 1960 and 1964. This Act empowers the U.S Commission to review laws and policies that are made concerning the denying of protection to the patients in the United States. It is the responsibility of a health care setting to provide equal facilities to all the patients who are admitted in the health care setting. It is the responsibility of the service providers to ensure that patients have access to proper facilities that are supposed to be a part of a health care setting in which they are admitted for being taken care of. Patients who are part of a health care setting should not face any discrimination concerning their creed, race, colour or sex. Once patients are admitted to work, they shall have access to all parts of the health care setting so that they can avail the services. Two landmark cases were decided in the Court of America, Simkins v. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital and Cypresses v. Newport News Hospital Association. In both the cases, the Court held that a health care setting should always admit patients, especially those who are in urgent need. After the end of the World War 2, the nation saw a very evident change in the hospital construction; this was at that time referred to as the "Hill-Burton Program." The Hospital Survey and the Construction Act was passed in the year 1946 and according to the Act about 75 million dollars was invested for the improvement of the construction of hospitals. After the Bill had been reviewed by many congressional leaders, they held that the Bill was a non-discriminatory one and that there was hardly any scope of discrimination in the Bill. The Bill clearly contained the civil rights of the health care setting and patients and the instances that would amount to discrimination (Day Schiele, 2012). One such instance was discrimination of a person on the grounds of his nationality. In this given scenario, the Surgeon action can be considered as discriminatory as he immediately refused to provide a translator to the patient. In this regard, the act, however, would not have been declared as disc riminatory if he made tried to make necessary arrangements for the doctor and if he did not get any source of finding a translator we could have concluded that he failed to arrange a translator. In such a case, the surgeon was could not have been accused of discriminatory behaviour (Foner, 2013). In America over the last ten years, growth has been seen in the field of hospital industry. The reason for growth and expansion of the hospital industry was because of the funding of such settings. Many hospital beds were included in their setting and many more nurses were employed as part of their health care setting. This improved the condition of the patients and correlatively also reduced the discrimination rate amongst the patients (Foner, 2013). As per the President of United States, when he signed the Civil Rights Act, he stated that, No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance (Day Schiele, 2012). However, even less than in a month's time, a surgeon named Terry M.D wrote an article on the hospitals in the United States as per which he requested all the people to comply with the methods of non-discrimination. He, however, also stated in his report that even before the Act was passed the staff and other members of the hospitals were following the basic rules of non-discrimination. The Federal authorities did everything that they could change the situation relating to Medicare and medication. They also made a point that the division was expensive for health care settings given that they had to incur huge expenses for the duplication of their interests (Lawson, 2014). Conclusively, I would like to state that the patient has many rights and remedies that he or she may avail based on the Civil Rights Act. In the end, I would only like to state that from Imperial United it may only defend itself on the ground that they merely refused to provide a translator to the patient, they, however, never refused to cure her only because of her nationality. The Surgeon never denied his services to her as a doctor; he only refused to provide a translator. Such behaviour cannot be held as discriminatory (Lawson, 2014). However, there is the truth that discrimination existed in America and shall continue to exist. As part and members of a healthcare setting, it is our responsibility to ensure to the maximum level that none of the patients feel discriminated. On our part, it was indeed sad to hear that the doctor was accused of discrimination. We have immediately to take appropriate steps for the consolation of the patient and we have to arrange quickly for a transl ator for her so that she does not feel discriminated anymore. References: Day, P. J., Schiele, J. (2012).A new history of social welfare. Pearson Higher Ed. Decker, S. H., Taylor, M., Katz, C. M. (2013). Case Study of the Response of the Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections to the Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act Consent Decree. DiNitto, D. M., Johnson, D. H. (2015).Social welfare: Politics and public policy. Pearson. Foner, E. (2013).Give Me Liberty! An American History: Seagull Fourth Edition. WW Norton Company. Katz, P. A., Taylor, D. A. (Eds.). (2013).Eliminating racism: Profiles in controversy. Springer Science Business Media. Lawson, S. F. (2014).Running for freedom: Civil rights and black politics in America since 1941. John Wiley Sons. Morone, J. A., Kersh, R. (2013).By the people: debating American Government. Oxford University Press. Murdick, N. L., Gartin, B. L., Fowler, G. A. (2013).Special education law. Pearson Higher Ed. Omi, M., Winant, H. (2014).Racial formation in the United States. Routledge. Power, K. D. (2014). Musical Influence on Apartheid and the Civil Rights Movement.