The Song of Roland

The essay is a critical examination of good versus evil in The Song of Roland. This piece of literal work is one of the oldest arts from French literature. There are numerous versions which attest to how popular it was between 12th and 14th centauries. This poem has been seen to be a major example of chanson de geste, which celebrates the life of a hero.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Song of Roland specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally the story is based on the conflict and the warfare between the Christians and the Muslims in Spain. In order to experience good and evil, there must be heroes and villains. War is seen to be a great thing and even glamorous. However the cost associated with it is usually heavy especially for the heroes. On the other hand, the villains deserve no grief or compassion. Good is usually thought to be the will of God and in this case the Franks are deemed to represent good since they are moved by the will of God while the Saracens are seen to be evil. Due to this when they die there souls are taken to hell by the devil. For one to be evil can be as results of lack of knowledge making one to be deceived and to act against the will of God. In The Song of Roland, a proof that lack of knowledge leads to evil is summarized as follows â€Å"o est une gent ki unches ben ne volt. [This is a sort of which has never seen goodness]† (Haidu par. 7). The Christians while fighting with the pagans were of the opinion that they were on the right while the later were in the wrong. To the French, the pagans are evil and criminal individuals who have rejected Christ from whom all those things deemed good come from. For that matter they are to be confronted translating to a war between individuals who were fighting for God and Satan (Dominik 21). Similarly evil is depicted in several occasions in the poem. For instance we are told of the evil planned of King Marsi le who intends to convert into Christianity then become Charlemagne vassal. This is with a clear intention that once the later goes back to France Marsile will break the promise he made. Additionally, the plans Roland’s step father had when he was sent for a diplomatic mission was in itself an evil strategy to get rid of Roland who the formers saw to be a threat in terms of leadership. He thus planned with the Saracens that the rearguard of Charlemagne will be ambushed and this will be a perfect opportunity to get rid of Roland (Dominik 49). According to the poem, the reaction of King Charlemagne to drive the Saracens towards the river so that those who were not chopped would definitely be drowned although to them was good; it was an evil act in my humble opinion.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is worth noting that all that are thought to be good will always thr ive in the end. It is no doubt that the all powerful God will intervene in time to ensure that those fighting for the good emerge as victors in the end. This can be exemplified when Thierry who was less strong than Pinabel managed to fight him in order to decide the case in which Roland step father was to be put to death (Haidu par.5). In my opinion the concept of good versus bad has been clearly brought out in the French oldest literature The Song of Roland. Works Cited Haidu, Peter. The Subject of Violence: The Song of Roland and the Birth of the State. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1993.Print. Dominik, Mark. Holy War in The Song of Roland: The Mythification of History. Viewed on http://surj.stanford.edu/ This essay on The Song of Roland was written and submitted by user TexasTwister to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pragmatic ethics

Pragmatic ethics Pragmatic ethics is an emerging field of ethics that perceives ethics as science, which consists of both theory and practice. Proponents of pragmatic ethics argue that, ethical theory and moral practice are integral components of ethics in that, either of them cannot give a satisfactory definition of morality in society. From a pragmatist’s point of view, ethics require logical thinking and empirical actions for one to comprehend the nature of ethics fully in a complex society, where actions can hardly fall into two categories viz. right or wrong. Serra (2010) argues that, moral inquiry needs deliberation that involves analysis and weighing up principles, beliefs, and arguments relative to reality (p.101). Therefore, in this light, pragmatic ethics are not conventional, but vary from one society to another or one organization to another due to differing circumstances. Pragmatic ethics manifests itself in habits that influence human, organizational, or societal behaviour; hence , it best elucidates varied ethics that people apply on various circumstances of life.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pragmatic ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The case study of Mount Isa shows how the government, city council and Xstrata Company are employing pragmatic ethics in their defence against accusations of polluting the environment. Even though several families are suing the government, council and Xstrata for allowing lead dust from Mount Isa mines to pollute their homes, waterways and gardens, which resulted into high levels of lead in blood of their children, they have not put appropriate measures to control pollution. Nyberg (2008) debates that; pragmatic ethics require contextualization of actions coupled with, and linking, the actions to ethics according to circumstances that they occur (p.589). In the case study, Xstrata together with the government and council are treating lead pollut ion as a unique occurrence that only needs exceptional interventions from within Xstrata. The government, council, and Xstrata are attributing the lead pollution to outcrops of rocks that occur in Mount Isa. Consequently, these bodies advice the community to live safely with lead in spite of the external pressures from Queensland’s Department of Health and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which requires regulation of lead pollution because it affects physical and intellectual development of children. Virtue Ethics Virtue ethics focus on exceptional deeds that elevate wellbeing of people in society or an organization. According to virtue theory of ethics, virtuous person will act virtuously to benefit all people because virtue is a motivational force of actions. Since habits form the basis of ethics, virtue ethics depend on day-to-day activities that people do, in that spontaneous decisions spring from attributes of virtues in a person. Nyberg (2008) argues that virtue i s innate attribute of a human being that comes spontaneously without application of ethical principles (p.589). Therefore, virtue ethics guide people in their daily activities making them act virtuously for the benefit of others and the entire society.Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In circumstances where moral rules and virtue conflict, virtue ethics takes precedence because they are flexible and applicable in complex situations. Usually, virtuous people employ virtue ethics when formulating ethical rules that are fundamental to making decisions and regulating actions. From virtue point of view, Mount Isa mining is unfortunate because it poses serious health threat to a large number of individuals of about 23,000. Queensland Department of Health and EPA did protest that lead pollution is occurring because of negligence by concerned authorities. Compelled by virtues, EPA manager resigned and accused the government of negligence as Sonenshein (2005) contends that, organizational members can effectively criticize their organization after stepping outside (p.478). The government, council, and Xstrata do not care about the effects of mining lead on population, especially children as it causes physical and intellectual impairment. According to Audi (2009), virtue motivates people to aim at the right things by using right means to achieve desired ends (p.9). However, the government and the council have given Xstrata powers to regulate its own pollution making it release a large amount of emissions that tripled the amount recommended under national environmental regulations. Thus, Xstrata did not employ virtue ethics in its mining process relative to health concern of Mount Isa’s residents. Egalitarian Approach Egalitarian approach to ethics requires that people should receive equal treatment in society despite their different social, economic and c ultural backgrounds. According to Moss (2009), egalitarianism enhances equality in society by promoting fair procedures of employment, business, and acquisition of resources (p.7). People are continuously struggling in life to improve their economic and social status; thus, egalitarianism seeks to provide a level ground where each person has equal access to opportunities that are essential in improving wellbeing. Therefore, if people require equality to prevail in society in various aspects such as social, health, economic, and political, they should utilize egalitarian ethics.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pragmatic ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sonenshein (2005) asserts that, organizational members create moral standards that are applicable across an organization as a way of promoting equality (p.476). Equality is a key factor that determines organizational ethics according to egalitarian perspect ive. Therefore, it is moral for equality to prevail in society or organization. In the case study, several families have sued the government, council, and Xstrata for neglecting health concerns of Mount Isa’s population because the mining is emitting enormous amount of lead into the environment that pose a serious risk to human health. From the egalitarian perspective, Queensland Department of Health and the EPA are accusing Xstrata of not following international standards of ethics in controlling lead pollution. Study carried out shows that 10% of young children have high levels of lead in their blood, which is above 10mcg/dl, threshold limit recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The health department and EPA hold that, Mount Isas population need equal treatment like other populations across the world because high levels of lead in the blood of children are deleterious to their health. Moss (2009) argues that, people need equal treatment because they have same wort h and dignity (p.4). Thus, Mount Isa’s population requires similar health concerns as other population across the world. Deontological Approach Deontological ethics holds that morality is an inherent attribute of an action rather than its consequences. Since humans act according to certain principles and rules of life, deontological weigh whether those actions are compliant. Basing on deontological perspective of ethics, actions that strictly follow stipulated principles and rules are ethical while those that do not comply with any principle or rule are unethical. According to Nyberg (2008), deontological approach to ethics uses moral rules that reflect justice, rights, and duty in the analysis of an ethical nature of actions (p.587). Hence, deontological approach to ethics deals with nature of actions in contrast to consequential approach that examines outcomes of actions. Bowie (1999) asserts that, business that puts money first is immoral because it does not care about its customers (p.34). According to deontological approach to ethics, if a business is acting virtuously to achieve an unimpeachable reputation rather than for the sake of morality, it thus means that it is acting immorally.Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From deontological perspective, the government, council, and Xstrata are acting immorally in Mount Isa mining because their priority is to obtain money. Since Xstrata generates millions of dollars, the government and council derive vast amounts of revenues and royalties, and they have neglected health concerns at Mount Isa’s population because what matters to them is money. The government has given powers Xstrata to regulate its pollution, thus providing it with too much freedom to continue pollution homes, gardens and waterways with lead as it has tripled its emissions. Abdullah and Valentine (2009) contend that, inconsistency of human actions with rules and principles reflects deviation from ethics (p.5). In the case study, Xstrata did not comply with national environmental regulations because it emitted triple amount of emissions recommended. Moreover, the government has left Xstrata to control its emissions rather than to be under control of EPA. Instead of reducing its e missions, Xstrata advised the population on living safely with lead. Ethics of Duties Ethics of duty focuses on actions that people can do in a given circumstance. Ethics of duty rely on the premise that people who are in power have the moral responsibility of ensuring that, society or organizations perform actions, which are ethical to promote human welfare and growth of businesses. According to Crane and Matten (2010), corporate leaders have the ethical duty to act in promotion of ethics regarding contemporary issues such as globalization, citizenship and sustainability of resources (p.123). Ethics of duties emanate from decisions and orders that leaders issue when they face ethical challenges in the course of their businesses. Since ethical dilemmas are complex to resolve, Solomon (1993) reasons that, leaders need to tailor their decisions to varied circumstances because ethical principles vary from one place to another (p.358). Hence, ethics of duties enable people in leadership positions to act according to rules and principles to promote morality in society. In the case study, the government has failed to act according to its responsibility of ensuring that Mount Isa’s population receives essential protection from lead pollution. Likewise, the city council has neglected health issues associated with Mount Isa mining because, in conjunction with the government and Xstrata, they have conspired to refute claims that lead pollution is responsible for increased levels of lead in blood among children. Solomon (1993) indicates that, negligence is a problem that many organizations are grappling with because it elicits ethical dilemmas that are difficult to handle (p.361). Millions of dollars that Xstrata is generating has blinded the council and government from responding appropriately to lead pollution by ensuring that there is compliance with national environmental regulations, as a way of protecting Isas population from lead pollution. The EPA and Quee nsland Department of Health have taken their responsibilities by showing the nature and extent of lead pollution in Mount Isa’s surroundings. References Abdullah, H., Valentine, B., 2009. Fundamental and Ethics Theories of Corporate Governance. Middle Eastern Finance and Economics, 4, pp.1-9. Audi, R., 2009. Virtue Ethics as a Resource in Business. Society for Business Ethics. pp.1-28. Bowie, N., 1999. Business Ethics: A Kantian Perspective. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Crane, A., Matten, D., 2010. Evaluating Business Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Moss, J., 2009. Egalitarianism and the Value of Equality. Journal of Ethics and Social  Philosophy, 6(4), pp.1-7. Nyberg, D., 2008. The Morality of Everyday Activities: Not the Right, But the Good Thing to Do. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(26), pp.587-598. Serra, J., 2010. What is and What Should Pragmatic Ethics Be? Some Remarks on Recent Scholarship. European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy, 2(2), pp .100-112. Solomon, R., 1993. Business Ethics. In P. Singer (Ed.), A companion to ethics. (pp. 354-365). Oxford: Blackwell. Sonenshein, S., 2005. Business Ethics and Internal Social Criticism. Business Ethics  Quarterly, 15(3), pp.475-498.

The Difference Between a City and a Town

The Difference Between a City and a Town Do you live in a city or a town? Depending on where you live, the definition of these two terms may vary, as will the official designation that is given to a certain community. In general, though, cities are larger than towns. Whether any given town is officially designated with the term town, however, will vary based on the country and state it is located in. The Difference Between a City and a Town In the United States, an incorporated  city  is a legally defined government entity. It has powers delegated by the state and county and the local laws, regulations, and policies are created and approved by the voters of the city and their representatives. A city can provide local government services to its citizens. In many places in the U.S., a town, village, community, or neighborhood is simply an unincorporated community with no governmental powers. County governments typically provide services to these unincorporated communities.Some states do have official designations of towns that include limited powers. Generally, in the urban hierarchy, villages are smaller than towns and towns are smaller than cities, though this is not always the case.   How Urban Areas are Defined Throughout the World It is difficult to compare countries based on the percentage of urban population. Many countries have different definitions of the  population size necessary to make a community urban. For example, in Sweden and Denmark, a village of 200 residents is considered to be an urban population, but it takes 30,000 residents to make a city in Japan. Most other countries fall somewhere in between. Australian and Canadian cities have a minimum of 1,000 citizens.Israel and France have a minimum of 2,000 citizens.The United States and Mexico have a minimum of 2,500 citizens. Due to these differences, we have a problem with comparisons. Let us assume that in Japan and in Denmark there are 100 villages of 250 people each. In Denmark, all of these 25,000 people are counted as urban residents but in Japan, the residents of these 100 villages are all rural populations. Similarly, a single city with a population of 25,000 would be an urban area in Denmark but not in Japan. Japan is 78 percent  and Denmark is 85 percent  urbanized. Unless we are aware of what size of a population makes an area urban we cannot simply compare the two percentages and say Denmark is more urbanized than Japan. The following table includes the  minimum population that is considered urban in a sampling of countries throughout the world. It also lists the percent of the countrys residents which are urbanized. Not surprisingly, some countries with a higher minimum population have a lower percentage of ​urbanized population. In addition, the  urban population in almost every country is rising, some more significantly than others. This is a modern trend that has been noted over the last few decades and is most often attributed to  people moving to cities to pursue work. Country Min. Pop. 1997 Urban Pop. 2015 Urban Pop. Sweden 200 83% 86% Denmark 200 85% 88% South Africa 500 57% 65% Australia 1,000 85% 89% Canada 1,000 77% 82% Israel 2,000 90% 92% France 2,000 74% 80% United States 2,500 75% 82% Mexico 2,500 71% 79% Belgium 5,000 97% 98% Iran 5,000 58% 73% Nigeria 5,000 16% 48% Spain 10,000 64% 80% Turkey 10,000 63% 73% Japan 30,000 78% 93% Sources Hartshorn, Truman A.  Interpreting the City: An Urban Geography. 1992.Famighetti, Robert (ed.).  The World Almanac and Book of Facts. 1997.World Bank Group. Urban Population (% of total). 2016.

European Union Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

European Union Law - Essay Example This leads to the lack of definite distinctions between rules as per their respective categories that vary in terms of tests, which the court normally utilizes to come up with concrete final verdict regarding any case set before it. In most cases, this difficultness or inappropriateness in making exact distinctions by those arbitrating cases while in their line of duties descends from varying member states’ laws. Hence, turn out to be extremely complex despite sometimes aligning with the EU’s general statutes that dictate their member states should not go against certain rules (Chalmers, Davies & Monti, 2010). For instance, this is evident in the case of Leclerc-Siplec. TFI Publicite together with M6 Publicite declined relaying the company’s information to the audience about petrol citing Article 8 No. 92/280 that was constituted in March 1992 (Leclerc-Siplec v TF1 Publicità © and M6 Publicità ©, 1994). This article barred any distribution sector in France from attempting to relay information about its products using specifically television. This is contrary to the laws that advocate liberty in expressing oneself whereby it may disadvantage. This is especially if it is a regional firm whe reby in the same state it may end up loosing to its competitors who have dominated the market. Hence, complicating what the entire EU statutes cite about enhancing trade among its members states without them interfering with any trader based on any segregation (Chalmers, Davies & Monti, 2010). Despite in case Leclerc-Siplec v TF1 Publicità © and M6 Publicità © (1994) stating barring of certain company’s products applies to all players in the same line of operation, it is a disadvantage especially to the new entrants to compete with already established corporations. This is contrary to EU’s statute that guarantees free movement of merchandise, persons and enhancing of health competition, which Keck together with

Analyse horror movie Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analyse horror movie - Research Paper Example After the attempts to kill Lestat fail, Louis and Claudia set off halfway across the world in search of their own kind. In France, they find other vampires in the underworld and they join this group led by vampire Armand who has feelings of intimacy to Louis. Their stay turns tragic when the vampires in Paris kill Claudia and Louis is saved from death by Armand. Louis, Lestat and Claudia have different characters which were influenced by time, self personality and other external factors. Louis The past life of Louis as a mortal played a significant role in determining his character. Prior to becoming a vampire, Louis’s wife had died during childbirth. Louis was terribly affected by the death of his wife and he became desperate to an extent of wishing to die. In one instance, Louis narrates that his wife and infant had been buried less than a half year before he became a vampire. Louis says that â€Å"I would have been happy to join them. I couldn’t bear the pain of the ir loss. I longed to be released from it† (Interview with the Vampire). It is imperative that Louis genuinely loved his wife and newborn child. Suffice to say, Louis was also caring enough given the fact that he was felt a strong connection to his family. From Louis’ narration, it is evident that he had loving self personality. Suffice to say, his loving nature as a mortal is replicated in the relationship that he forms with Claudia as a vampire. In his mortal form, Louis was a kind person. He interacts with his slave Yvette in a respectful way without disregarding her as it would be expected of a slave to a master. After becoming a vampire, Louis exercises great restraint to prevent himself from the temptation of killing Yvette. When Yvette offers Louis food and expresses her concern about his wellbeing, Louis fights the instinctive vampire urge to kill her and drink her blood. He dismisses her from the dinner table saying â€Å"I’ll finish it, Yvette. Now leav e us.† (Interview with the Vampire).. However, he managed to suppress that urge and spared her life due to his self personality. In retrospect, it can be argued that Louis was a kind person who valued the lives of other people irrespective of their position in the society. The influence of vampire Lestat and vampire Claudia on Louis’s character cannot be understated. After becoming a vampire, Louis resisted the counsel of Lestat as it was against his will. Lestat encourages Louis kill human beings instead of feeding on animals such as rats and chicken. Lestat castigates him for his choice of food by stating that the chickens would eventually run out and he would be forced to seek other sources of food. Despite the pressure from Lestat, Louis manages to hold on to his convictions albeit for some time. However, it is notable that Louis was greatly influenced by the Lestat’s ideas. When he kills the slave girl Yvette, Louis indicates that he felt real peace when he killed. Louis indicates that Lestat’s words made sense to him since he was able to feel at ease when he killed a human being. This implies that the behavior and advice of Lestat influenced Louis’ character to a certain extent. At one point, Louis says that â€Å"Her blood coursed through my veins sweeter than life itself† (Interview with the Vampire). It was not in Louis nature to kill human beings, let alone derive extreme

The Relationship Between Brand Loyalty Essay Example for Free

The Relationship Between Brand Loyalty Essay Evaluate the relationship between brand loyalty, corporate image, and repeat purchasing. Brand loyalty In marketing, brand loyalty comprises of a consumers commitment to repurchase the brand and can be demonstrated by repeated buying of manufactured goods or services or other positive conducts such as word of mouth advocacy. True brand loyalty involves that the consumers are willing, at least on event, to put aside their own needs in the interest of the brand. Brand loyalty is more than simple repurchasing, however. Customers may repurchase a brand due to situational constraints, a lack of viable alternatives, or out of convenience. Such loyalty is referred to as spurious loyalty. True brand loyalty exists when customers have a high relative attitude toward the brand which is then exhibited through repurchase behavior. This type of loyalty can be a great asset to the firm: customers are willing to pay higher prices, they may cost less to serve, and can bring new customers to the firm. For example, if Joe has brand loyalty to Company A, he will purchase Company As products even if Company Bs are cheaper and/or of a higher quality. An example of a major brand loyalty program that extended for several years and spread worldwide is Pepsi Stuff. Perhaps the most significant contemporary example of brand loyalty is the fervent devotion of many Mac users to the Apple company and its products. From the point of view of many marketers, loyalty to the brand in terms of consumer usage is a key factor. Corporate image A corporate image refers to how a company is perceived. It is a normally accepted image of what a company stands for. The formation of a corporate image is an implement in the perception management. It is created solely by marketing managers/consultants who use public relations and other forms of promotion to suggest a mental picture to the public. Usually, a corporate image is designed to be interesting to the public, so that the company can spark an interest among customers, create share of mind, create brand equity, and thus make easy product sales. A corporations image is not solely created by the company: Other contributors to a companys image could include news media, journalists, labour unions, environmental organizations, and other NGOs (non-governmental organization). Corporations are not the only form of organization that creates these types of images. Governments, charitable organizations, criminal organizations, religious organizations, political organizations, and educational organizations all tend to have a unique image, an image that is partially purposeful and partially unintended, partially self-created. For example, the corporate image for Serenity Spa Salon, which has an image of a lady, faced up with hair flowing down. This image gives the sense of relaxation where a lady can get her face and hair done. The soft colours used give an impression a relaxing ambience at the salon. Thus inviting tired women to come here and unwind while their hair and face are being treated. Only if the experience is a success for the customer will it be turned into repeat purchases. These repeats, not the single purchase which is the focus of most models, are where the vendors focus should be, for these are where the profits are generated. For example, Mrs Lee have tried the PILOT pen before and she thinks it is a comfortable pen to write with. She buys more for her office use which all suppliers are looking forward to. Some suppliers even gives a sample to trial on so that the customer will want to buy from them again as it satisfied them to use it.

Formalistic Approach Ode to the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite) Ess

Formalistic Approach Ode to the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite) In Thomas Gray's poem "Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat," we find many examples of the Formalistic Approach. In this poem, we find numerous examples of alliteration, rhyme scheme, puns, and creative word choice. This poem is very joyful and fun to read because the author is very creative in his choice of words and phrases. In the first stanza, we figure out where this event is taking place or in other words, we find out the setting. The cat is standing on a ledge in his owner's house looking down into a fish bowl and gazing at gold fish. In this stanza, we find patterns of rhyming. Within this stanza this rhyming pattern is A, A, B ,C,C,B. In the first stanza they would be the first two lines (side and dy'd), the third and sixth line (blow and below), and fourth and fifth (kind and reclin'd). Line six of this stanza states" Gazed on the lake below" (Gray line 6) represents word choice. Gray could have just stated that the cat...

Discipleship R.E Essay

In marks gospel we learn about the nature of discipleship. A disciple is someone who learns form the word of god which comes from Jesus’ teaching. Whereas an apostle is, perhaps in a way, the next stage of discipleship, where they go out and spread the word of god to others making them disciples. They had the courage to do this because of the Holy Spirit descending upon them as tongues of fire so they could preach in every language they had to. The purpose of discipleship according to marks gospel is to heal, to spread the word of God and to teach people how to change their hearts and helping people realise the things that stop them from loving God and their neighbour as themselves; as an apostle he has achieved that in most hearts. In marks gospel the disciples have an important purpose. Jesus wanted friends to help and support him on his mission. There are a number of references from mark to support this. Mark 1:16-20 talks about when he was on his first search for loyal disciples. He said to two men in a fishing boat (Simon and His Brother Andrew) â€Å"Come, follow me† â€Å"and I will make you fishers of men.† This story teaches us that Jesus chose ordinary men (Fishermen to be Precise). Mark 3:13-19 refers to when Jesus sent the disciples out to preach and to have the strength to make others disciples. This means that Jesus wanted the disciples to go out and spread the word of god to others. Another example from mark to help us understand the purpose of discipleship is in Mark 6:7-13. This is where Jesus sends the disciples out in pairs and gives them authority over unclean spirits. He also tells them not to take anything on the journey apart from a staff! A final example is from Mark 6:30-44 this is when there is the feeding of the 5000. Where Jesus takes 5 loaves and 2 fish blesses them and asks them to hand it all to the 5000. In the end it turns out that there was enough for every single person to be fed till they are full up and they end up with 12 baskets of leftovers. Jesus chose a variety of different people to be his disciples. For example he chose four fishermen as his first four disciples! (Mark 1:16-20) he also chose a tax collector (Levi the son of Alpheus) this shows Christians today that Jesus chose ordinary people not big people that were ‘the best’! Mark is very clear about the costs and demands of discipleship. Disciples have to give up everything and show total love to God. For example in Mark 12:41-44 it shows a widow putting all she had in the Treasury and Jesus Said that she had put more in than all the Others who put in what they could spare! The demands are clear from Mark 8:34-38. Where Jesus says; â€Å"If anyone would come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow me for whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me and for the gospel will save it. What good is it for a man to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his soul? Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul? If anyone is ashamed of me and my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his Father’s glory with the holy angels.† The general consensus of what Jesus is saying is that all who wish to follow him in the path of glory must give up everything he/she has. Further examples from Mark include 6:7-10: where Jesus tells his disciples to, â€Å"Take nothing for the journey except a staff. no bread, no bag, no money in your belts. Wear sandals but not an extra tunic. Whenever you enter a house, stay there until you leave that town.† This means that Jesus was basically saying, â€Å"Don’t think you need a lot of extra equipment for this. You are the equipment. No special appeals for funds. Keep it simple. No posh inns. Get a modest place and be content there until you leave.† Even though there are many costs and demands to discipleship, there are also a lot of rewards. Mark makes this clear in Mark 10:28-31 where Peter said to Jesus, â€Å"We have left everything to follow you!† â€Å"I tell you the truth,† Jesus replied, â€Å"no one who has left home or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields for me and the gospel will fail to receive a hundred times as much in this present age (homes, brothers, sisters, mothers, children and fields and with them, persecutions) and in the age to come, eternal life. But many who are first will be last, and the last first.† This shows us the rewards of discipleship because Jesus was enhancing the fact that they would get anything and everything they want in heaven as they have left everything behind. The disciples found discipleship difficult to understand. They sometimes misunderstood what Jesus meant. For example, in Mark 2:13-17, Once again Jesus went out beside the lake. A large crowd came to him, and he began to teach them. As he walked along, he saw Levi son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax collector’s booth. â€Å"Follow me,† Jesus told him, and Levi got up and followed him. While Jesus was having dinner at Levi’s house, many tax collectors and â€Å"sinners† were eating with him and his disciples, for there were many who followed him. When the teachers of the law who were Pharisees saw him eating with the â€Å"sinners† and tax collectors, they asked his disciples: â€Å"Why does he eat with tax collectors and ‘sinners’?† On hearing this, Jesus said to them, â€Å"It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners.† The disciples did not understand this because they thought that Jesus was a sinless man and there he was eating with so called sinners? What they didn’t see was that Jesus had come to earth to heal sinners and cure the lame. Not applaud the perfect and righteous. Discipleship was not something that was easy. The disciples were asked to give up a lot to show their love for God. For example, in Luke 14:33 Jesus says, â€Å"in the same way, any of you who does not give up everything he has, cannot be my disciple.† AO2 The effects that Jesus’ teaching about discipleship has on Christians today when it comes to spreading Jesus’ message are as follows. The 10 commandments! Jesus referred to these quite often. I mean yes, maybe not everyone follows the 10 commandments, but at least the people that know about them acknowledge them and respect them. Also about giving up all that we have to follow God. I don’t think many people today would give up all they had to follow God; reason being that we are all selfish. I mean, at least we know that we have to, but; at the same time, nobody in today’s world would give up their possessions. The effects that Jesus’ teaching about what type of people are chosen to be disciples has on the lives of Christians today are that you don’t have to be flash and fancy to impress Jesus or God. What they focus on is a persons faith but also lack of faith! If there was supreme lack of faith, Jesus would try and help that person to be a good Samaritan. Jesus’ teaching about the costs and demands of discipleship affects the lives of Christians today by showing that they would have to give up everything to not only be a disciple but also to gain entry into the kingdom of God! This is quite a dawning thought to some as not a lot of people would do that for God. Also to leave all of their family including wife/husband and children! I don’t think that people nowadays would be in this frame of mind unless their faith was very strong! Jesus’ teaching about the rewards of discipleship affect the lives of Christians today by indulging them with the reward of 100 times as much as what they want. And anything that they want as well! People would think that this would be worth giving up everything for! But the 1 thing that usually holds them back is that there might not be a God and what if it’s just made up? Mother Teresa was a famous Christian who dedicated her life to helping others and she was made a saint. She is a great inspiration to others and if more people were like her then the world would be a better place! AO3 The arguments that people would put down as to why Children cannot be disciples and Christians are that: Jesus chose adults There is the age of reason where a child thinks what is right and wrong With confirmation, the decisions are usually made when a child is older so that they understand. Children depend on adults; therefore, they are not in a position to make self sacrifice. Even adults struggle to understand so how can children. The arguments that people would put down as to why children can be disciples and Christians are that: They are baptised so they are part of the church Jesus welcomed children especially Jesus chose a variety of people Children are excellent and willing learners Depends upon the definition of Child Age of reason (7-8 years) They should be welcomed I believe that the true Christian view is that Children can be disciples and Christians. My reasons are that most Christians are self conscious about children so thy want to protect them. Also children have to make their own choices in life so if they want to become a disciple or Christian then nobody should stop them as it is their choice!

The Influence of Atheism in the Enlightenment

The Influence of Atheism on the Age of the Enlightenment While skepticism and doubt have had a presence in human thought for nearly as long as religious faith has existed, they have had a place within religious thought rather than in opposition to it for the vast majority of their existence. Doubt was generally employed by religious thinkers for the purpose of strengthening and explaining their faith, as can be seen in the numerous â€Å"proofs† for the existence of God formulated by the great theologians of the Middle Ages, such as Thomas Aquinas and Anselm of Canterbury.With the new science and philosophy of the Enlightenment, however, unbelief began to be seen as a viable alternative option that stood in opposition to faith. In addition to the popular deism of the Enlightenment, espoused by such important figures as Voltaire and Maximilien Robespierre, atheism also found its first explicit adherents among such figures of the French Enlightenment as Baron d'Holbach and Jacqu es Andre Naigeon.This new view of disbelief would have a major influence on subsequent generations of thinkers in the West as proponents of religion now had to contend with disbelief as a rival system of thought and many of the most influential philosophies, such as those of Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl Marx, supported and often assumed this concept of disbelief. Among the numerous new concepts introduced by the philosophers of the Enlightenment, one of those which have had the longest lifespan and the greatest impact has been the introduction of disbelief as a viable alternative position to religious faith, Atheism.One of the most central philosophical pursuits of the Middle Ages was the attempt to reconcile faith and reason. Medieval thinkers had inherited both the religious tradition of the ancient Middle East, which they saw as representative of faith, and the philosophical tradition of ancient Greece, which they saw as representative of reason. In their attempts to synthesize t he two, the primary question they encountered was whether the existence of God, the primary object of faith, could be proved through the use of reason alone. Some of the greatest thinkers who have ever lived have pored at length over this question. † One of the most remarkable features of Medieval philosophy is the centrality of this question when compared with the apparent nonexistence of any separate class of nonbelievers. Not only are there no surviving writings by or about any person espousing outright unbelief during the Middle Ages, but according to Sarah Stroumsa, â€Å"in the discussions of God's existence the actual opponents† of the philosophers examining the question â€Å"are not identified as individuals.As a group they are sometimes referred to as heretics, unbelievers, materialists, or skeptics. † Some of the greatest minds of the Middle Ages, then, dedicated large portions of their work to arguing against an entirely theoretical unbelief. When Ans elm of Canterbury formulated his ontological argument and Thomas Aquinas formulated his famous â€Å"five ways† to prove the existence of God, they themselves assumed doubt in their writings in order to strengthen faith through reason and to demonstrate that faith and reason are compatible and complimentary.Later, in the fifteenth century, however, William of Occam set about undoing the synthesis which had been accomplished by Anselm, Aquinas, and others like them. Occam believed that â€Å"logic and theory of knowledge had become dependent on metaphysics and theology† as a result of their work and that they had made reason subservient to faith. He â€Å"set to work to separate them again. As a result of his work to separate faith and reason, according to Richard Tarnas, there arose the psychological necessity of a double-truth universe. Reason and faith came to be seen as pertaining to different realms, with Christian philosophers and scientists, and the larger educa ted Christian public, perceiving no genuine integration between the scientific reality and the religious reality. As scientific knowledge in Europe continued to increase exponentially, the gap between faith and reason continued to widen.Faith had grown detached from reason in ever more literal interpretations of the Bible and the sola fide, or â€Å"faith alone,† dogma of Protestantism, whereas reason increasingly freed itself from reference to faith and instead found its abode in the empirical sciences and â€Å"natural theology,† an approach to religion based on reason and experience rather than speculation and appeal to revelation, of Enlightenment thinkers like Descartes. Traditional Christianity, with its miracles and saints, came increasingly to be viewed as outdated and superstitious. This was especially true in the light of Newtonian physics.A mechanistic universe which operated consistently according to a standard set of laws did not allow for â€Å"alleged m iracles and faith healings, self-proclaimed religious revelations and spiritual ecstasies, prophecies, symbolic interpretations of natural phenomena, encounters with God or the devil† and so on and so these ideas increasingly came to be viewed â€Å"as the effects of madness, charlatanry, or both. † According to Jacques Barzun, â€Å"religion as such [was] not attacked; it [was] redefined into simplicity. † In the light of this new scientific knowledge and the new views of religion it engendered, a new religious movement was needed.The new religious movement that emerged from this situation was deism. Deism allowed that â€Å"one may well be overawed by the Great Archetict and His handiwork;†13 after all, â€Å"Newton's cosmic architecture demanded a cosmic architect. †14 However, â€Å"the attributes of such a God could be properly derived only from the empirical examination of his creation, not from the extravagant pronouncements of revelation. à ¢â‚¬  The deists also prescribed that religion include much emphasis on â€Å"good morals,† as they, like the belief in a creator, â€Å"are universal† as well.This rather tenuous set of beliefs, however, could not hold for long. Samuel Clarke, an early English Enlightenment philosopher, noted in a letter to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz that The notion of the world's being a great machine, going on without the interposition of God as a clock continues to go without the assistance of a clockmaker, is the notion of materialism and fate and tends (under pretense of making God a supramundane intelligence) to exclude providence and God's government in reality out of the world.And by the same reason that a philosopher can represent all things going on from the beginning of the creation without any government or interposition of providence, a skeptic will easily argue still further backward and suppose that things have from eternity gone on (as they now do) without any true cre ation or original author at all but only what such arguers call all-wise and eternal nature. As more thinkers began to realize this, â€Å"the rationalist God †¦ soon began to lose philosophical support. Disbelief was no longer just the doubt and needs for â€Å"proofs† that had been present in Medieval thought. It was no longer theoretical and it was no longer subservient to the needs of religious thinkers in their attempts to strengthen the case for faith. Disbelief had become a new and distinct religious category in its own right. Later generations of Western thinkers (drawing on the thought of the Enlightenment in religious matters just as they did in political and economic matters) carried on the Enlightenment's new movement of disbelief.According to Richard Tarnas, It would be the nineteenth century that would bring the Enlightenment's secular progression to its logical conclusion as Comte, Mill, Feuerbach, Marx, Haeckel, Spencer, Huxley, and, in a somewhat differ ent spirit, Nietzsche all sounded the death knell of traditional religion. The Judaeo-Christian God was man's own creation, and the need for that creation had necessarily dwindled with man's modern maturation. Most Western philosophy after the Enlightenment, in fact, no longer felt the need to even argue for or against the existence of God.Rather, philosophers like those named by Tarnas as well as many others simply assumed the nonexistence of God as a fact and formulated their philosophy without regard to the existence of a deity. Ludwig Feuerbach, one of these nineteenth century philosophers who built on the work of the Enlightenment philosophers, stated explicitly that The question as to the existence or non-existence of God, the opposition between theism and atheism, belongs to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries but not to the nineteenth.I deny God. But that mans for me that I deny the negation of man. In place of the illusory, fantastic, heavenly position of man which in a ctual life necessarily leads to the degradation of man, I substitute the tangible, actual and consequently also the political and social position of mankind. The question concerning the existence or non-existence of God is not important but the question concerning the existence or non-existence of man is.For the philosophers of the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and even the Enlightenment, â€Å"the question concerning the existence or non-existence of God† had, of course, been seen as being of the utmost following the importance of the Enlightenment. Only a philosopher who lived in the wake of the Enlightenment and accepted its presuppositions in materialism and determinism would have been able to make such a statement as Feuerbach's; his words are demonstrative of how influential the atheism of the Enlightenment had become. Though his words bout himself can only fairly be applied specifically to Feuerbach and do play an important role in his unique philosophy, much the same sent iments can with confidence be assigned to the vast majority of other great philosophers who The disbelief of the Enlightenment has also had a major effect on popular philosophy and religion, especially in Europe. According to the 2005 Eurobarometer Poll, approximately 18% of the citizens of countries in the European Union report that they â€Å"don't believe there is any kind of spirit, God or life force. 29 This is a significant change, of course, from the situation in Europe during the Middle Ages, when Anselm, Aquinas, and others like them directed their arguments for the existence of God against vague, theoretical, and unnamed â€Å"skeptics† and â€Å"heretics. † The new prominence and popularity of disbelief also had a major effect within Christianity for much the same reason. Unbelievers were now real and unbelief itself now a viable alternative to religious faith; as a result, many believers felt a need to go on the defensive.Doubt, and even any application of reason to Christianity and to issues of faith, came to be viewed as insidious enemies, not as the means to the strengthening and further understanding of faith as in previous generations. 30 In removing a rational element from faith, faith came to be ever more irrational and, occasionally in later Western history, even anti-rational, as is evidenced by the growth and influence of Christian and semi-Christian sects focused on otherworldly mysticism, ecstatic experience, and emotionalism to the exclusion of logical thought and scientific knowledge in America and Europe during and following the Enlightenment.Christian apologetic also took on a more forceful character, as Christian apologists found it necessary to concede as little as possible to the unbelievers, such as defending extremely literal interpretations of the six-day creation and worldwide flood described in the biblical book of Genesis, whereas earlier generations of Christians had generally interpreted these events in all egorical and mystical terms. 31 Christian apologists also found it necessary to attack their unbelieving opponents with a new zeal, labeling them as â€Å"missionaries of evil† and focusing the bulk of their apologetic efforts on disbelief ather than on other religions or Christian heresies. 32 The attempts to reconcile faith and reason and the use of doubt as a faith-building tool had become things of the past. Doubt has been implicit within and an aspect of religious belief for as long as religious ideas have existed. This is especially true of the Christian religious tradition, whose most intellectual adherents found reasonable arguments for the existence of God to be necessary in the course of their attempts to reconcile the inheritances they had received from both ancient Judaism and ancient Athens.The eventual reconciliation of faith with reason, though accomplished during the Middle Ages, fell apart as the Middle Ages ended, largely under the influence of William of Oc cam. With the dawn of the Enlightenment in Europe and especially the new scientific knowledge which it brought with it, the separation that had been wrought between faith and reason widened continually and ever more deeply.Deism originally rose from the â€Å"reason† side of this split as a supposedly reasonable alternative to religious superstition; it attempted to formulate a set of religious beliefs that was pared down to the basics of the existence of a creator God and a moral system he had ordained alongside the laws of the universe. As the universe and human beings themselves came to be viewed increasingly as natural machines, however, there was less and less need for the existence of a God or the plausibility of holding to a moral system based on one.With d'Holbach, atheismefound its first outspoken spokesman, extolling a worldview in which there was no God and everything that existed was part of the material world. As with much Enlightenment philosophy, this view subs equently gained such popularity and influence among philosophers that it became the assumed standpoint of later generations of philosophers. As with any great new idea, the effects became tremendous once atheism reached the ears of the people at large, reshaping the nature of both religious belief and disbelief throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and continuing through to today.

Biography of Meyer Lansky

Biography of Meyer Lansky Meyer Lansky was a powerful member of the mafia during the early to mid-1900s. He was involved with both the Jewish mafia and the Italian mafia and is sometimes referred to as the â€Å"Mob’s Accountant.† Meyer Lansky’s Personal Life Meyer Lansky was born Meyer Suchowljansky in Grodno, Russia (now Belarus) on July 4, 1902. The son of Jewish parents, his family immigrated to the United States in 1911 after suffering at the hands of pogroms (anti-Jewish mobs). They settled in New York City’s Lower East Side and by 1918 Lansky was running a youth gang with another Jewish teen who would also become a prominent member of the mafia: Bugsy Siegel. Known as the Bugs-Meyer Gang, their activities began with theft before expanding to include gambling and bootlegging. In 1929 Lansky married a Jewish woman named Ana Citron who was a friend of Bugsy Siegel’s girlfriend, Esta Krakower. When their first child, Buddy, was born they discovered that he suffered from cerebral palsy. Ana blamed her husband for Buddy’s condition, worrying that God was punishing the family for Lansky’s criminal activities. Though they went on to have another son and a daughter, eventually the couple divorced in 1947. Not long afterward Ana was placed in a mental hospital. The Mob’s Accountant Eventually, Lansky and Siegel became involved with Italian gangster Charles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano. Luciano was behind the formation of a national crime syndicate and allegedly decided to murder Sicilian crime boss Joe â€Å"The Boss† Masseria on the advice of Lanksy.  Masseria was gunned down in 1931 by four hitmen, one of whom was Bugsy Siegel. As Lanksy’s influence grew he became one of the mafia’s major bankers, earning him the nickname of â€Å"The Mob’s Accountant.† He managed mafia funds, financed major endeavors and bribed authority figures and key individuals. He also channeled a natural talent for numbers and business into developing profitable gambling operations in Florida and New Orleans. He was known for running fair gambling houses where players did not have to worry about rigged games. When Lansky’s gambling empire expanded to Cuba he came to an agreement with the Cuban leader Fulgencio Batista. In exchange for monetary kickbacks, Batista agreed to give Lansky and his associates control of Havana’s racetracks and casinos.   He later became interested in the promising location of Las Vegas, Nevada. He helped Bugsy Siegel convince the mob to finance The Pink Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas – a gambling venture that would ultimately lead to Siegel’s death and pave the way for the Las Vegas we know today. World War II During World War II, Lansky reportedly used his mafia connections to break up Nazi rallies in New York. He made it a point to discover where rallies were taking place and would then use mafia muscle to disrupt the rallies. As the war continued, Lansky became involved with anti-Nazi activities sanctioned by the US Government. After trying to enlist in the US Army but being rejected due to his age, he was recruited by the Navy to take part in an initiative that pit organized crime leaders against Axis spies.  Called â€Å"Operation Underworld,† the program sought the aid of the Italian mafia that controlled the waterfront.  Lansky was asked to speak with his friend Lucky Luciano who by this point was in prison but still controlled the Italian mafia. As a result of Lanskys involvement, the mafia provided security along the docks in New York Harbor where ships were being built. This period in Lansky’s life is portrayed in the novel â€Å"The Devil Himself† by author Eric Dezenhall. Lansky’s Later Years As Lansky’s influence in the mafia grew so did his wealth. By the 1960s, his empire included shady dealings with gambling, narcotics smuggling and pornography in addition to legitimate holdings in hotels, golf courses, and other business ventures. Lansky’s worth was widely believed to be in the millions by this time, a rumor that no doubt led to his being brought up on charges of income tax evasion in 1970. He fled to Israel in the hopes that the Law of Return would prevent the US from trying him. However, though the Law of Return allows any Jew to settle in Israel it does not apply to those with a criminal past. As a result, Lansky was deported to the US and brought to trial. He was acquitted in 1974 and resumed a quiet life in Miami Beach, Florida. Though Lansky is often thought of as a mafia man of considerable wealth, biographer Robert Lacey dismisses such ideas as â€Å"sheer fantasy.† To the contrary, Lacey believes that Lansky’s investments didn’t see him into his retirement years, which is why his family didn’t inherit millions when he died of lung cancer on January 15, 1983. Meyer Lansky’s Character in Boardwalk Empire In addition to Arnold Rothstein and Lucky Luciano, the HBO series â€Å"Boardwalk Empire† features Meyer Lansky as a recurring character. Lansky is played by actor Anatol Yusef and first appears Season 1 Episode 7. References: Lacey, Robert. Little Man: Meyer Lansky the Gangster Life. Random House: New York, 1993.History.com (Meyer Lanksy article on History.com is no longer available.)Time.comBio.com

How to Send ACT Scores to Colleges

How to Send ACT Scores to Colleges SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips ACT scores are in, and now it’s time to move onto the next step - college applications! You may be wondering how to send your scores and whether you’re making the right choices about which ones you'll allow colleges to see. In this article, I’ll go through how to decide which scores to send and the way the process works overall. Should I Send My ACT Scores? ACT has a built-in Score Choice policy that allows you to send only certain scores to colleges based on how well you do on each test date.If you’re very unhappy with one of your ACT scores, you don’t necessarily have to show it to schools.There are some schools that require you to send all of your scores, but most allow you to pick and choose which test dates you want to send. In order to decide which scores to send or whether you need to take the test again, you should take a look at the score range for your schools of choice.Read this article to learn more about finding your target ACT score.As a general rule, you should aim for a score that represents the 75th percentile of scores for admitted students for your school of choice (meaning your score is higher than 75% of the scores of admitted students).If you’re still not sure whether you should take the ACT again, read our guide to help you decide! You should also consider superscoring as a factor.Colleges that superscore will take your highest scores from each section of the ACT across multiple tests and average them to create your highest possible composite score.Read this article for more information about how superscoring might affect your strategy on the ACT. How to Send ACT Scores to Colleges You can send your ACT scores to colleges several different ways, but the easiest way is to order score reports throughyour ACT web account.Click on the link that says â€Å"Send Your Scores† in your account homepage.You will get something that looks like this, with more dates listed if you took the ACT more than once: Once you select the date you want to send on your report (remember, every test date requires a separate report even if you’re sending more than one to the same school), you will get to a screen that asks you to fill in the code for the school where you want to send it.You can also search for schools to find the appropriate code: You can select up to 8 test date and school combinations per score report order. This is what it will look like when you select a school: You have the option to select either standard or priority reports (more on this in a minute!).After you select the schools and test dates you want, you just have to enter in your credit card info and hit submit, and your score reports will be on their way! Other methods of sending score reports include: Downloading the score report request form and mailing it in Calling the ACT (this costs $15 extra just for the call and is ONLY for priority reports - again, I'll talk more about those in a minute) Sending a letter of request to the ACT (instructions can be found at this link) To find the correct ACT college code for these other score reporting methods, use this link. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Types of ACT Score Reports There are three different types of ACT score reports. I'll describe each type and why you might or might not decide to order it. Type 1: Free Reports Whenever you register for the ACT, you have the option to send four free score reports.This is an enticing offer, but it can hurt you if your scores don’t end up being up to par, and you might not even know where you’re applying yet. Overall, I’d say it’s better to forgo the free reports and wait until you get your scores back.Unfortunately there is no fee waiver available for score reports, but as I said, most schools will allow you to use Score Choice and just send your best score to avoid the extra fees. Type 2: Regular Reports Regular reports (reports sent after the free score report period) cost $12 per test date per school.This is another reason why it’s to your advantage to use score choice - it's in your best interest to send the minimum number of score reports to reduce your financial burden. After the ACT gets your regular score report request, it will take about one week for them to process it and send it to your school of choice.Reports are delivered depending on the schedule of the school, but it’s almost always within two weeks or so of your request. Type 3: Priority or Rush Reports Priority reports for the ACT cost $16.50 per test date per school.These are processed two days after the ACT receives your request, as opposed to a week after the request for regular score reports.Priority reports should reach your school within 3-4 business days of your request.These reports can only be sent within the US. Be careful with rush reporting, because some schools that only receive scores electronically may not review these types of reports any faster than regular reports.Read more about when to order rush reporting here. Your priority score report is strapped to the back of a cheetah by the ACT - the cheetah's brain has a GPS implant. Some admissions officers might get bitten, but it WILL be there in time. Summary The process of sending your ACT score reports shouldn’t be too challenging if you know what to expect.Remember that most schools allow score choice, and many of them offer superscoring as well. You should check with your colleges of choice about their policies.You should also be sure you’re ordering reports with enough time to spare so they make it in with your application. Priority reports should be a last ditch option. As long as you'reaware of deadlines and know your options, sending ACT scores to colleges is a cinch! What's Next? Want to get a more in-depth look at your ACT scores and use them to study for the next test? Learn more about ordering Test Information Release. Also check out this article for more information onhow to get and interpret your ACT score results. Not sure whether you should take the ACT with or without Writing? Find out which collegesask for the Writing section. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Samantha Lindsay About the Author Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. 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Scientific Uncertainty Web-Based Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Scientific Uncertainty Web-Based - Assignment Example He is concurrently vice chairman of the International Academy of Education (The Heartland Institute, 2012b). Its stated mission is the discovery, development, and promotion of social and economic solutions to problems based on free-market economics (The Heartland Institute, 2012c). It is a fierce skeptic of global warming. Their agenda seems non-partisan, but the ties of the leader suggest being pro-big business, as a prominent Republican. Consequently its values are those of the conservatives (The Heartland Institute, 2012; University of Illinois, 2012). NASA is a global warming proponent and posits that human activities are at the core of recent unprecedented trends towards warming with consequences to humans and the ecology. It is a government entity receiving funding from the current Democratic leadership. Its agenda cum mission is implied in its stand: to present mainstream scientific data on climate change. Its values are nonpartisan, science-based, and arguably tinged with Dem ocratic principles owing from the Democratic leadership (NASA, 2012). Skeptical Science has as its mission essentially the advancing of climate change arguments and the debunking of arguments against climate change science by deniers and skeptics of climate change. It has support from a wide stratum of scientists and academicians with nonpartisan interests throughout the world, and is a repository of data and articles that support its implied mission. Its values seem to include openness, diversity, and inclusion of all available data, without prejudice, and with no funding or overt agenda other than the truth (Cook, 2012). 2. Key Evidence Presented by Websites on Ice Melt and Climate Change, Stated Evidence Sources Skeptical Science updates evidence and data about climate change routinely, coming from contributors who are scientists and academics from all over the world. Examples include experiments on computer modeling relating to the way the permafrosts are being thawed due to cli mate change, citing prior research by reputable scientists published in Nature GeoScience in 2012. Another example details results of studies on climate change with data inputs from African data sampling expeditions, as well as other permafrost melting studies, all referenced and published in reputable scholarly journals (Cook, 2012). NASA likewise cites evidence from scholarly sources, including from the National Research Council, the UNSW Climate Change Research Center in Sydney, the journal Science, and the IPCC. For instance, evidence with regard to man-made global warming and the fast pace of its acceleration over the last 1,300 years are documented and presented in the NASA site, complete with graphical presentations of CO2 emissions over the past 650,000 years, and properly referenced from an IPCC report. Ice core research confirming global warming trends were attributed and visibly cited from a 2006 research study by the National Research Council (NASA, 2012). The Heartland Institute in turn presents data that refute ice melt and global climate change, coming from sources reportedly from the US Energy Information Administration, among others. (The Heartland Institute, 2012). One paper presented as an article containing arguments against the reality of global warming meanwhile, from the Heartland Insti